A website dedicated to climatology and meteorological forecasting; scientific and field instruments for meteorological measurements.

Meteorology has always been important for mankind.But when we think about it, we may use this word, weather, climate and even time, as indistinct words. However, these terms are not equal and mean different things.Time alludes to the relativity theory of Einstein and the continuity of events.

It is the fourth dimension of our universe; there are more, like probability, quantum coherence and gravitation, but that is another story that we will tell you elsewhere in our site because it will really take a lot of written explanations. Meteorology and weather can be used as synonyms, and they refer to short-term changes that happen within our atmosphere, especially its lower layers: the troposphere, the tropopause and the stratosphere.

Climate refers to very long tendencies and properties within the atmosphere; this is, epochal characteristics. One region in the world can have a temperate climate, and then, due to a tilt in the Earth's axis, or whatever, change to a cold climate.

Thus, when we talk about cold weather, we are saying that during a few days we will have to wear warm clothes; while when we talk about cold climate, we should consider that the whole local environment may be adapted to that. Today, the effectiveness of our weather forecasting and prediction methods is improving, but since it will always be based on statistics and statistical data, we will never achieve absolute certainty and precision.

Essentially, in order to forecast one has to take into account various things, starting with the differences that exist between cold and warm air masses.Indeed, these are relative concepts and is determined by comparison: in a warm region, an air mass A may be considered cold in contrast to another mass B. However, if A moves south and then encounters C, an air mass coming from the south pole, then A now would be considered as hot air.

Cold air is denser than warm air; cold air masses tend to stick more to the ground, while hot air has a tendency to ascend and is les dense; it can also carry more moisture per cubic metre. Earth's rotation and the Coriolis effect are determinant as to what directions do winds take and how they circulate on a grand scale.

In the equator, hot air is elevated, and this produces wind; these winds go either north or south.In the north pole, winds go south; while in the south pole, they begin by going north. The Coriolis effect slowly deviates all these wind streams to the east, and they meet in the middle of the way, our temperate regions, creating most weather variations.

Observe than both in the poles as well as the equator, weather tends to be more stable than in those extreme regions; the circulation of winds has a lot to do with it. Indeed, there are local variations, micro climates and weather inversions; the atmosphere is very complex, but the tendencies are those described here.

When a hot air mass moves, it always develops a lifting movement too, and this creates more vertical clouds, which in the end, develop their own energy feedback and become storms; this is why in tropical regions we tend to see more of these than in cold ones. But cold air masses move faster and push hot air easier; they are denser, and the more dense they are relatively to the hot air mass that they are pushing away, the stronger the changes will be, mainly along the interface between the two; this is called a 'front.' ``Warm fronts move slowly and tend to produce fewer storms, albeit they do. In general, misty rain is a result of a warm front passing overhead, while deluges are cause by cold fronts. Whenever you see a storm coming like a huge wall, you should know that it is a cold front.

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